
The Wife of Hasdrubal and Her Children
Ercole de' Roberti·c. 1490/1493
Historical Context
Ercole de' Roberti's Wife of Hasdrubal and Her Children, painted around 1490-1493, depicts the Carthaginian noblewoman who threw herself and her children into the flames of burning Carthage rather than submit to Roman conquest in 146 BC. This classical exemplum of female courage and patriotic sacrifice was popular in Renaissance painting as a model of feminine virtue. Ercole's characteristically intense, expressive style gives the tragic subject powerful emotional impact.
Technical Analysis
Ercole's tempera-on-poplar technique renders the dramatic scene with the angular, energetic drawing characteristic of the Ferrarese school. The figures have the tense, expressive quality unique to his style, while the warm, intense color heightens the emotional drama of the sacrifice.
Provenance
Probably commissioned by Eleonora of Aragon, duchess of Ferrara [1450-1493]. Count Étienne Méjan [secretary to Eugène Beauharnais], Milan, by 1812.[1] Count d'Arache [possibly Count Bertolazone d'Arache], Turin, by 1849;[2] bequest 1857 to Count Castellani, Turin.[3] Sir John Charles Robinson [1824-1913], London, by 1861; probably sold to Robert Napier, West Shandon, Strathclyde, Scotland, by 1865;[4] (his sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 13 April 1877, no. 422, as _The Nurse Saving the Children of Medea_ by Andrea Mantegna); repurchased by Sir John Charles Robinson, London; purchased 1878 by Sir Francis Cook, 1st bt. [1817-1901], Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey;[5] by inheritance to his son, Sir Frederick Lucas Cook, 2nd bt. [1844-1920], Doughty House; by inheritance to his son, Sir Frederick Herbert Cook, 3rd bt. [1868-1939], Doughty House; by inheritance to his son, Sir Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, 4th bt. [1907-1978], Doughty House, and Cothay Manor, Somerset; sold August 1964 to (S. & R. Rosenberg, London);[6] (Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York); purchased 27 May 1965 by NGA. [1] Gaetano Zancon, _Galleria inedita raccolta da privati gabinetti Milanesi_, Milan, 1812: no. 5. [2] Pietro Selvatico in Vasari, ed. Le Monnier, 5 (1849): 188. Otto Mündler saw the painting in April and October 1856; see "The Travel Diaries of Otto Mündler," ed. Carol Togneri Dowd, _Walpole Society_ 51 (1985): 135, 180, 278, 297. [3] The following is inscribed on the cradle: "Andrea Mantegna, della collezione del Conte de Mejan, e poi da quella del Conte Castellani di Torino" (see Fern Rusk Shapley, _Catalogue of the Italian Paintings_, 2 vols., Washington, D.C., 1979: 1:410). [4] The catalogue of the Napier collection, mainly compiled by J.C. Robinson, was privately printed in London in 1865 (see Tancred Borenius, _A Catalogue of the Paintings at Doughty House, Richmond, and Elsewhere in the Collection of Sir Frederick Cook_, 3 vols., London, 1913-1915: 1[1913]:no. 119). Robinson most likely sold the painting to Napier, a friend. [5] Borenius 1913, 1(1913):no. 119. [6] See copies of correspondence in NGA curatorial files, from the Cook Collection Archive in care of John Somerville, England.
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