ArtvestigeArtvestige
PaintingsArtistsEras
Artvestige

Artvestige

The most comprehensive free reference for European painting. 40,000+ works across ten eras, every one with expert analysis.

Explore

PaintingsArtistsErasData Sources & CreditsContact

About

Artvestige is an independent reference and is not affiliated with any museum. All images courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

© 2026 Artvestige. All painting images are public domain / open access.

The Wife of Hasdrubal and Her Children by Ercole de' Roberti

The Wife of Hasdrubal and Her Children

Ercole de' Roberti·c. 1490/1493

Historical Context

Ercole de' Roberti's Wife of Hasdrubal and Her Children, painted around 1490-1493, depicts the Carthaginian noblewoman who threw herself and her children into the flames of burning Carthage rather than submit to Roman conquest in 146 BC. This classical exemplum of female courage and patriotic sacrifice was popular in Renaissance painting as a model of feminine virtue. Ercole's characteristically intense, expressive style gives the tragic subject powerful emotional impact.

Technical Analysis

Ercole's tempera-on-poplar technique renders the dramatic scene with the angular, energetic drawing characteristic of the Ferrarese school. The figures have the tense, expressive quality unique to his style, while the warm, intense color heightens the emotional drama of the sacrifice.

Provenance

Probably commissioned by Eleonora of Aragon, duchess of Ferrara [1450-1493]. Count Étienne Méjan [secretary to Eugène Beauharnais], Milan, by 1812.[1] Count d'Arache [possibly Count Bertolazone d'Arache], Turin, by 1849;[2] bequest 1857 to Count Castellani, Turin.[3] Sir John Charles Robinson [1824-1913], London, by 1861; probably sold to Robert Napier, West Shandon, Strathclyde, Scotland, by 1865;[4] (his sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, 13 April 1877, no. 422, as _The Nurse Saving the Children of Medea_ by Andrea Mantegna); repurchased by Sir John Charles Robinson, London; purchased 1878 by Sir Francis Cook, 1st bt. [1817-1901], Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey;[5] by inheritance to his son, Sir Frederick Lucas Cook, 2nd bt. [1844-1920], Doughty House; by inheritance to his son, Sir Frederick Herbert Cook, 3rd bt. [1868-1939], Doughty House; by inheritance to his son, Sir Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, 4th bt. [1907-1978], Doughty House, and Cothay Manor, Somerset; sold August 1964 to (S. & R. Rosenberg, London);[6] (Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York); purchased 27 May 1965 by NGA. [1] Gaetano Zancon, _Galleria inedita raccolta da privati gabinetti Milanesi_, Milan, 1812: no. 5. [2] Pietro Selvatico in Vasari, ed. Le Monnier, 5 (1849): 188. Otto Mündler saw the painting in April and October 1856; see "The Travel Diaries of Otto Mündler," ed. Carol Togneri Dowd, _Walpole Society_ 51 (1985): 135, 180, 278, 297. [3] The following is inscribed on the cradle: "Andrea Mantegna, della collezione del Conte de Mejan, e poi da quella del Conte Castellani di Torino" (see Fern Rusk Shapley, _Catalogue of the Italian Paintings_, 2 vols., Washington, D.C., 1979: 1:410). [4] The catalogue of the Napier collection, mainly compiled by J.C. Robinson, was privately printed in London in 1865 (see Tancred Borenius, _A Catalogue of the Paintings at Doughty House, Richmond, and Elsewhere in the Collection of Sir Frederick Cook_, 3 vols., London, 1913-1915: 1[1913]:no. 119). Robinson most likely sold the painting to Napier, a friend. [5] Borenius 1913, 1(1913):no. 119. [6] See copies of correspondence in NGA curatorial files, from the Cook Collection Archive in care of John Somerville, England.

See It In Person

National Gallery of Art

Washington, D.C., United States

Visit museum website →

Quick Facts

Medium
Tempera on poplar panel
Dimensions
overall: 47.3 × 30.6 cm
Era
High Renaissance
Style
High Renaissance
Genre
Genre
Location
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
View on museum website →

More by Ercole de'Roberti

Virgin and Child by Ercole de'Roberti

Virgin and Child

Ercole de'Roberti·1490–96

Giovanni II Bentivoglio by Ercole de' Roberti

Giovanni II Bentivoglio

Ercole de' Roberti·c. 1474/1477

Ginevra Bentivoglio by Ercole de' Roberti

Ginevra Bentivoglio

Ercole de' Roberti·c. 1474/1477

Portia and Brutus by Ercole de' Roberti

Portia and Brutus

Ercole de' Roberti·1486

More from the High Renaissance Period

Head of Saint John the Baptist on a Charger by Aelbert Bouts

Head of Saint John the Baptist on a Charger

Aelbert Bouts·ca. 1500

Lucrezia di Lippo di Iacopo Guidi by Andrea del Sarto

Lucrezia di Lippo di Iacopo Guidi

Andrea del Sarto·1525–28

Domenico da Gambassi by Andrea del Sarto

Domenico da Gambassi

Andrea del Sarto·1525–28

Virgin and Child with the Young Saint John the Baptist by Antonio da Correggio

Virgin and Child with the Young Saint John the Baptist

Antonio da Correggio·c. 1515