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Pope Pius VII in the Sistine Chapel by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Pope Pius VII in the Sistine Chapel

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres·1814

Historical Context

Ingres's Pope Pius VII in the Sistine Chapel from 1814 depicts the pope at prayer in the chapel Michelangelo had decorated — a devotional image that combined the political and spiritual authority of the papacy with the overwhelming visual presence of Michelangelo's ceiling. Pius VII had returned to Rome after Napoleon's defeat, and this portrait commemorated his restoration while placing him in explicit visual dialogue with the greatest monument of Renaissance papal patronage. Ingres was in Rome during this period, and his treatment of the pope in the Sistine Chapel reflected his deep engagement with both the Renaissance tradition and the continuing reality of papal authority.

Technical Analysis

Ingres achieves extraordinary precision in rendering the Sistine Chapel's architecture and Michelangelo's frescoes while maintaining the atmosphere of a living ceremony. The numerous small figures are painted with remarkable detail, and the overall composition balances the vast architectural space with the intimate human drama of the papal mass. The smooth, refined technique is at its most meticulously controlled.

Provenance

Commissioned by Charles-Marie-Jean-Baptiste Marcotte d'Argenteuil [1773-1864], Paris; his daughter, Mme Alexandre Legentil, née Marie Marcotte [1828-1920], Paris, by 1867;[1] her niece, Mme Marcel Pougin de la Maisonneuve, née Elizabeth Marcotte [d. 1939], Paris, by 1921;[2] (Wildenstein & Co., New York), 1940-1949; sold June 1949 to the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York;[3] gift 1952 to NGA. [1] The exhibition catalogue _Tableaux, études peintes, dessins et croquis de J.A.D. Ingres_, no. 73 (Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris, 1867) gives the owner as M. Legentil. The 1949 Wildenstein précis in NGA curatorial files lists Marcotte's daughter, Mme Legentil, as the owner. [2] According to the catalogue _Exhibition Ingres_, no. 19 (Association Franco-Américaine, Chambre Syndicale de la Curiosité et des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1921). Hans Naef, in _Die Bildniszeichnungen von J.-A.-D. Ingres_, 5 vols., Bern, 1977-1980: II(1978):532-533, describes the inheritance of the Marcotte family portrait collection as follows: When Marie Legentil died without children in 1920, her entire collection was bequeathed to her niece, Mme Pougin de la Maisonneuve. When Mme Pougin de la Maisonneuve died in 1939, she left her collection divided between her two daughters, Geneviève de Laporte and Marie-Louise Chavane, and a trust for her grandson François-Louis (son of her deceased son). [3] The Wildenstein invoice to the Kress Foundation for 16 items, including this painting, is dated 23 June 1949 (copy in NGA curatorial files, see also The Kress Collection Digital Archive, https://kress.nga.gov/Detail/objects/1660).

See It In Person

National Gallery of Art

Washington, D.C., United States

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Quick Facts

Medium
Oil on canvas
Dimensions
overall: 74.5 × 92.7 cm
Era
Neoclassicism
Style
French Neoclassicism
Genre
Portrait
Location
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
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