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Horsemen and Herdsmen with Cattle by Aelbert Cuyp

Horsemen and Herdsmen with Cattle

Aelbert Cuyp·1655/1660

Historical Context

Cuyp's Horsemen and Herdsmen with Cattle from 1655-1660 combines his two most characteristic subjects — equestrian figures and pastoral cattle — in a composition that represents the social breadth of the Dutch countryside from mounted gentlemen to working herdsmen. This social range within a single composition was characteristic of Dutch landscape painting's democratic impulse — the same landscape contained the gentleman and the herder, the fine horse and the slow cow, without ranking one above the other in pictorial value. Cuyp's golden light treats all the figures with equal luminous warmth, his democratic vision shaped by the Protestant Dutch culture that found spiritual value in humble subjects as readily as in grand ones.

Technical Analysis

Cuyp's golden light is at its most sophisticated, with warm tones graduated from the luminous sky through the atmospheric middle distance to the more detailed foreground. The cattle and horses are rendered with careful naturalistic observation, while the figures are characterized with enough detail to suggest social distinction. The composition balances multiple elements with effortless harmony.

Provenance

Johan van der Linden van Slingeland [1701-1782], Dordrecht, by 1752;[1] (his estate sale, at his residence by Yver and Delfos, Dordrecht, 22 August 1785 and days following, no. 71); Fouquet.[2] Albert Dubois, Paris; (his sale, Le Brun and Julliot at Hôtel Bullion, Paris, 20 December 1785 and days following, no. 16, bought in). William Smith [1756-1835], Norwich;[3] sold privately to Edward Gray, who sold it in 1830.[4] Alexander Baring, later 1st baron Ashburton [1774-1848], Bath House, London, by 1834;[5] by inheritance in his family to Francis Denzil Edward Baring, 5th baron Ashburton [1866-1938], The Grange, Northington, Hampshire;[6] sold 1907 with the entire Ashburton collection to a syndicate of (Thomas Agnew & Sons, London; Arthur J. Sulley & Co., London; and Asher Wertheimer, London);[7] sold 1909 to Peter A.B. Widener, Lynnewood Hall, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania;[8] inheritance from Estate of Peter A.B. Widener by gift through power of appointment of Joseph E. Widener, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania; gift 1942 to NGA. [1] Gerard Hoet, _Catalogus of Naamlyst van Schilderijen. . ._, 2 vols., The Hague, 1752, 2:495. [2] The entry in the sale catalogue for no. 71 reads as follows: "CUYP (ALBERT) Op Doek, hoog 46, breed 66 duim. Een zeer capitaal Stuk, verbeeldende een ruim Landschap in den vroegen Morgenstond; by een aangenaam Zonligt, zeit men, op den Voorgrond, ter regterzyde, twee Heeren te paard, en daar nevens twee Landlieden rustende by hun Vee; ter linkerzyde een Herder by een staande en leggende Koe, waar by een Man die te paard komt aanrennen; verder ziet men een Rivier met Schepen gestoffeerd, en in't verschiet verscheide Gebouwen en hoog Gebergte; dit Konststuk is van een ongemeene schoone uitwerking, en een der beste van deezen Meester." An annotated copy of the auction catalogue at the Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, The Hague, notes that no. 71 was purchased by "Fouquet". [3] Cited by Cornelis Hofstede de Groot, _A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century_, trans. Edward G. Hawke, 8 vols., London, 1907-1927: 2(1909):131, no. 430. [4] John Smith, _A Catalogue Raisonné of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish and French Painters_, 9 vols., London, 1829-1842: 5(1834):288. Perhaps this was the same Edward Gray, of Harringay Park, Hornsey, whose collections were auctioned at Christie's, London, May 1839. [5] Smith 1829-1842: 5(1834):288. Baring, who was made Baron Ashburton in 1835, was a notable politician (architect of the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty with the United States), and connoisseur (trustee of the British Museum and of London's National Gallery). [6] Bath House was sold in 1890 by the 5th baron Ashburton, and he had the orangery at The Grange converted into a picture gallery that doubled as a ballroom. [7] "Ashburton Collection Sold," _American Art News_ (19 October 1907): 1. Hofstede de Groot, in both the German (1908) and English (1909) editions, lists the painting as being with Agnew. The painting is listed among those handled by Asher Wertheimer in Norman L. Kleeblatt, ed., _John Singer Sargent: Portraits of the Wertheimer Family_, exh. cat., The Jewish Museum, New York, 1999: 51. [8] Widener collection records, in NGA curatorial files, list the painting as purchased from Sulley.

See It In Person

National Gallery of Art

Washington, D.C., United States

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Quick Facts

Medium
Oil on canvas
Dimensions
overall: 120 × 171.5 cm
Era
Baroque
Style
Dutch Golden Age
Genre
Landscape
Location
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
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More by Aelbert Cuyp

A View of Vianen with a Herdsman and Cattle by a River by Aelbert Cuyp

A View of Vianen with a Herdsman and Cattle by a River

Aelbert Cuyp·c. 1643–c. 1645

Children and a Cow by Aelbert Cuyp

Children and a Cow

Aelbert Cuyp·1635–39

Young Herdsmen with Cows by Aelbert Cuyp

Young Herdsmen with Cows

Aelbert Cuyp·ca. 1655–60

Piping Shepherds by Aelbert Cuyp

Piping Shepherds

Aelbert Cuyp·ca. 1643–44

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